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Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite.Weekly-Calendra-Monday-Friday.jpg' alt='Microsoft Word One Week Calendar Template' title='Microsoft Word One Week Calendar Template' />Microsoft Word Viewer and Office Online are freeware editions of Word with limited features.HistoryeditOriginseditIn 1.Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUIword processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.Microsoft announced Multi Tool Word for Xenix8 and MS DOS in 1.Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1.PC World, making it the first to be distributed on disk with a magazine.That year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows.Unlike most MS DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse.Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse, and described Word as a WYSIWYG, windowed word processor with the ability to undo and display bold, italic, and underlined text,1.It was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, Word.Star.However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions 2.In 1.Microsoft ported Word to Mac OS.Administracion De Redes Con Software Libre '>Administracion De Redes Con Software Libre .This was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.Following the precedents of Lisa.Write and Mac.Write, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features.It fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than Mac.Write.After its release, Word for Mac OSs sales were higher than its MS DOS counterpart for at least four years.The second release of Word for Mac OS, shipped in 1.Word 3.Word for DOS this was Microsofts first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms.Word 3.Rich Text Format RTF specification, but was plagued with bugs.Within a few months, Word 3.Word 3.After Mac. 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Microsoft capitalized on Word for Windows increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, version 5.Windows application.When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2.Microsoft Word 5.DOS available for download free.As of March 2.Microsofts web site.In 1.Microsoft embarked on a project code named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up.Both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base.It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added in the same time without a rewrite.Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed version 6.Word for Windows 2.With the release of Word 6.Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Mac OS, and Windows this was the last version of Word for DOS.It introduced Auto.Correct, which automatically fixed certain typing errors, and Auto.Format, which could reformat many parts of a document at once.While the Windows version received favorable reviews e.Info.World2. 5, the Mac OS version was widely derided.Many accused it of being slow, clumsy and memory intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word 5.In response to user requests, Microsoft offered Word 5 again, after it had been discontinued.Subsequent versions of Word for mac.OS are no longer direct ports of Word for Windows, instead featuring a mixture of ported code and native code.Word for WindowseditWord for Windows is available stand alone or as part of the Microsoft Office suite.Word contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the most widely used word processing program on the market.Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Word document by using the Word application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Word format see Microsoft Word Viewer.Word 6 for Windows NT was the first 3.Microsoft Office for Windows NT around the same time as Windows 9.It was a straightforward port of Word 6.Starting with Word 9.Word were named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.Word 2.Ribbon,2.Backstage view for file management,3.Word Web App.Word for Macedit.Microsoft Word 2.OS XIn 1.Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within Microsoft focused on writing software for Mac OS.Its first version of Word, Word 9.Office 9.Macintosh Edition.Document compatibility reached parity with Word 9.Word 9.Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles.Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either Word 9.Windows or Word 5 for Mac OS.Word 2.Office Clipboard, which allowed users to copy and paste multiple items.It was the last version to run on classic Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment.Word X, released in 2.Mac OS X, and introduced non contiguous text selection.Word 2.May 2.It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar with Office for Windows.Word 2.January 1.Ribbon like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images.It also included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management, and native support for the new Office Open XML format.It was the first version to run natively on Intel based Macs.Word 2.October 2.Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows, and includes a full screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Office Web Apps.File formatseditFile extensionseditMicrosoft Words native file formats are denoted either by a.Although the.Word, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats Word for DOSWord for Windows 1 and 2 Word 3 and 4 for Mac OSWord 6 and Word 9.Windows Word 6 for Mac OSWord 9.Windows Word 9.Mac OSThe newer.Office Open XMLinternational standard for Office documents and is used by Word 2.Windows, Word 2.OS, as well as by a growing number of applications from other vendors, including Open.Office. 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We saw this kind of bump glob feature object whatever, he told me last week, during the lunch break of the Cassini final Imaging Team meeting, as we chatted at the Huntington Botanical Gardens near Caltech. We obviously wanted to know, Was it real said Murray. He and his team quickly checked previous images of the area, and now that they knew what they were looking for, they kept finding that strange, stepped out glitch in the otherwise smoothly curving edge of the A ring. The day I found it was my mother in laws birthday, Murray recalled, so he named it Peggy in her honor. It seemed appropriate. Soon, the teams questions about Peggy expanded What is itWhere did it come from Where is it going he explained. Weve been tracking it almost ever since. Murray and his colleagues realized the glitch must be caused by an object embedded in the rings. Weve never actually resolved the object, Murray said. All we can do is track the glitch. Measuring the size of the disturbance, he quickly realized it couldnt possibly be a solid moon. It would be a massive Titan size moon, Murray explained. Noregistration upload of files up to 250MB. Not available in some countries. If a moon that size was there, it would be totally disrupting the ring. Instead, he figured it must be a dense cloud of dust and debris, possibly encompassing a proto moon that hasnt yet broken free as an independent object. As the mysterious object drifts closer to and farther from Saturn within the rings, it causes the glitch along the outer edge to change speeds. By measuring the speed of the glitch, we can measure the orbital parameters of the object, Murray explained. Including Peggy in Cassinis final six images of the Saturn system was partly sentimental, but the spacecraft was also collecting valuable scientific information. Every image we get which should contain Peggy is yet another data point that will help us understand what it is, where it is, where its come from, and where its going to go even when were not around to take images any more, Murray said. The fact that its one of the last images from Cassini is touching, but were doing it for science. But tracking an object when you dont know what exactly that object is can be tricky. Cassinis imaging team has found Peggy time and time again, but not always where and when they expected it. Sometimes you see it, sometimes you dont, Murray said with a sigh. This uncertainty made planning the final image tricky. We actually gave Peggy a large margin of error because its a bit wayward sometimes. Adding to the complexity of the shot, Cassini was on the far side of the system, shooting the rings from across the planet. This means the resolution was lower at 2. Peggys characteristic glitch will only be a few hundred pixels in the image. Murray and his team stayed up late Thursday night waiting for the raw images to download. They brought everything they needed to analyze Peggy right away, working off nervous energy before joining others in standing vigil for Cassinis final moments. When I checked in with him via email on Friday, Murray was optimistic but uncertain Cassini had successfully found Peggy one final time, writing, I would like to think that it is in the one that also contains Daphnis, a tiny moon of Saturn that lies within the Keeler Gap of Saturns A ring, he said, before linking me to the raw image. Kevin Gill stayed up late on Thursday processing Cassinis final images for release on Friday morning. I couldnt find Peggy in the data though Im still looking, he told me, confirming the glitch is being characteristically difficult to identify. Peggys probably there, I just havent found exactly where yet. Im used to every day going to the computers when the images come down to just look for fun stuff, like Peggy explained Murray. Its going to take me awhile to get used not getting to see these images every day. Cassinis mission is done, and its raw image gallery will never have a new update. But Murray, his postdoc, and the rest of the mission scientists still have fruitful years ahead of them poking through thirteen years of data and trying to understand this beautiful, complex Saturnian system. Perhaps, theyll even come to understand Peggy a little bit better. Amazon. com StarTech USB 3. 0 to Gigabit Ethernet NIC Network Adapter USB to RJ45 for 101001000 Network Computers Accessories. Samsung Galaxy S8s Killer Feature Lands Months Late. Samsungs AI assistant Bixby is finally available in the USmonths late. But, hey, at least it doesnt explode. Akin to Googles Assistant and Amazons Alexa, Bixby is a voice service that lives inside the Galaxy S8 and S8 Plus smartphones. 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Statistical Abstract of the United States. United States. Of. Estimated annual revenue for the truck. Highway miles traveled by trucks totaled 6. A lack of demand during the early 2. Consolidated Freight, the nations third largest. LTL hauler, closed its doors abruptly in September. TLT. market. For those that survived the first years of the 2. The trucking. industry will be one of the first industries to respond to an upturn in. Organization and Structure. The non local trucking industry is divided into several segments that are. Thus, an industry firm can be categorized. National carriers have the equipment. West Coast. Long haul transport. Off the road transport refers to. Less than Truckload. LTL carriers haul shipments of 1. Although modern trucks can carry loads of. LTL carriers, then, are distinguished from. TL carriers not by the weight of individual trucks but by the. Unlike TL shipments, which typically involve the direct hauling of one. LTL shipments usually. The LTL market is divided. The deregulation of the. TL firms, but the. LTL. segment. A national LTL carrier must be able to finance a large sales. Shorter routes and increased use of information technology had the. Shippers. continued to streamline product manufacturing cycles and required. This, in turn, placed greater demand for. For hire trucking firms were. It forced many. of them to surrender a number of long haul routes to the railroads. Acknowledging the trend, a growing number of trucker railroad alliances. Under these partnerships, truckers handled pick up and. Truckload. TL carriers haul shipments of 1. In 1. 99. 2, roughly one quarter of the non local trucking. TL carriers. With an onslaught of mergers, in. The TL. segment hauls about 8. Because TL firms do not need to maintain. TL segment has. historically been characterized by comparatively low start up costs. When. deregulation removed restrictions on new businesses entering the trucking. TL segment experienced fierce competition among a large. About two thirds of the trucking. The. largest TL carriers had low profit margins, market shares of only 1. LTL carriers. Common Carriers. Common carriers are for hire public truckers whose. Historically, common carriers have been. Contract Carriers. Contract carriers provide trucks, equipment, and services such as fleet. As dedicated contract carriers, truck leasing firms such as Ryder. Systems may lease drivers in addition to trucks. Such firms may also. Contract carriers are often common carriers with an. TL shipments. The growth of. LTL time sensitive. For hire. There were approximately 4. These. carriers offer their services either impartially to all shippers common. In 1. 99. 3, distribution of goods by the non local for hire. By. 1. 99. 4, that percentage had increased to 4. Additionally, 6. 0. TL. shipments. Private Carriers. The private carriage market consists primarily of manufacturers. Sears Roebuck and Wal Mart. Services who own, lease, or control truck fleets for the exclusive. Many older private trucking. Private fleets were maintained by 3. Private carriage allows shippers to maintain greater control over. Types of Freight. Although the trucking industry hauled 5. U. S. freight. tonnage in 1. U. S. freight, reflecting the dominance of the trucking. Traditionally, the types of freight truckers are authorized to transport. More narrowly classified. In the early 1. 99. The. non local trucking industry also hauls bulk commodities, automobiles. Household Moving. The trucking industry includes 1. North American Van Lines, Mayflower Group, and Allied. Van Lines. In the 1. LTL, and even intermodal service. In 1. 99. 4 the. household goods industry accounted for 4. Competitiveness. Industry firms distinguish themselves from their competitors through. Larger national carriers can also. Many of the large national carriers have also entered. Rate Bureaus. Truckers rates are determined by nine regional rate bureaus that. Rate bureaus also. Deregulation permitted carriers to publish rates. Inter state Commerce Commission ICC, and as a. Rate bureaus continued to play a role in the non local trucking industry. In the early. 1. 99. Historically, two or more general rate hikes. Before industry deregulation in 1. ICC monitored rates more. However, because deregulation brought free market forces into. Intermodal. From a manufacturers perspective, the biggest advancement in. Among them were J. B. Hunt Transport Services Inc. Schneider National, which formed alliances with Conrail, Norfolk Southern. Southern Pacific, Union Pacific, and Burlington Northern. Such alliances. offered manufacturers the speed and flexibility of trucks and the low cost. As a result, trucking companies began to use equipment. In intermodal arrangements, truckers team with rail or maritime. The trucker supplies the shorter origin to railhead and. The. percentage of general freight truckers vehicle miles transported. TL carriers in 1. The advantages of container freightingdecreased theft, lower. In double. stack arrangements, containers are piggybacked on top of. Background and Development. The invention of the combustion engine and the automobile in the. The first transcontinental. U. S. Armys request for a vehicle capable of hauling. World War I. While the industry began to establish itself. Federal Highway Act of 1. Several factors contributed to the rise of the trucking industry in the. Regulation. Faced with increasing competition from the trucking industry, the rail. The Motor Carrier Act. MCA of 1. 93. 5, which gave the Interstate Commerce Commission broad powers. The 1. 7,0. 00 truckers in the industry. The MCA also guaranteed all. Over the years, federal regulation emerged as an artificial structure for. Under ICC. protection the trucking industrys share of total national. U. S. freight began to. Deregulation. Although deregulation of the trucking industry had been contemplated as. Truman administration, it was not until the late 1. When it. passed, the Motor Carrier Act of 1. ICC control over companies. The most immediate impact of the MCA of 1. TL segment where start up. The number of trucking business failures. However, 1. 9,0. 00 new firms. ICC granted operating authority grew from less than. Rate Undercharging. Since deregulation, industry firms began resorting to broad discounting. In the early 1. 99. In 1. 99. 0, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that shippers were obliged to. Two years later, the ICC eliminated all regulations. Intermodal. Although some rail hauling of empty and loaded truck trailers existed in. J. B. Hunt Transport and a competing rail carrier. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Between 1. 97. 0 and 1. TL. carriers rose from 1 percent to 1. In 1. 99. 1, the Intermodal. Surface Transportation Efficiency Act ISTEA was adopted, with the goal. While the long distance LTL segment experienced decreased revenues. LTL carriers experienced double digit growth by encroaching on. SIC 4. 21. 5 Courier Services Except Air. This trend was fueled by the widespread adoption of so called. U. S. manufacturers, which entailed the creation of distribution centers or. The growing emphasis. Legislation. Congress passed the International Registration Plan and International. Fuel Tax Agreement, taking effect in 1. The Clinton administrations. Additionally, several federal programs continued to affect the trucking. The Motor Carrier Safety. Assistance Program, for example, gave the Federal Office of Motor Carrier. Safety and relevant state agencies greater latitude in carrying out annual. The resulting 6,0. Current Conditions. During the early 2. Freight levels fell an estimated 5 to 1. Diesel fuel hit a two year high in 2. February 2. 00. 3, while insurance rates increased as much as 1. High driver turnover rates, which can run in excess of 1. The biggest hauler to stumble was Consolidated Freight, a. September. 2. 00. |
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